Main Article On Human Growth Hormone
Potential side effects of GH at the right dose in deficient adults include temporary fluid retention,
temporary joint or limb swelling or pain, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Non-physical disadvantages
include insurance or employment problems related to an expensive medical condition,
the nuisance of frequent injections, doctor visits, and blood tests, and perhaps the
emotional stress of a long-term medical condition. The magnitude of potential benefit
is reduced in persons who are not deficient, but the side effect risk rises. Risks
of excessive amounts of GH for even a few months have included type 2 diabetes, while
many more risks can be inferred from naturally occurring conditions of GH excess.
In adults, excessive production of GH by the pituitary gland leads to a condition
known as acromegaly. Connective tissue thickens and becomes less flexible.
Skin is thickened, with increased production of oil and sweat. Lips, nose,
tongue, brow ridges, and jaw can grow, distorting facial appearance.
Larger nasal sinuses can lead to recurrent sinusitis. Nerves and joints
can be damaged leading to pain, tingling, or reduction of sensation or
reflexes in the legs or arms. In some cases, the muscles become abnormally
weak. The person becomes less sensitive to insulin, which sometimes results
in type 2 diabetes. The death rate for persons in their 40s with acromegaly
is approximately twice expected. The likelihood of these acromegalic effects
is minimal when replacement doses are given to deficient people, but rises
with excessive amounts given to people who are not deficient.
Finally, there
is evidence that prolonged elevation of IGF1 levels may actually increase risk
of prostate and other cancers in elderly adults. The only products that have
no side effects are those that have no effects at all, such as the homeopathic
preparations that contain infinitesimal amounts.